UNIT – VI THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE (1857)
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. The Mutiny of 1857 was called as …………….by the British historians.( The Sepoy Mutiny)
2. The policy implemented by Dalhousie is ----- (the Doctrine of Lapse)
3. During the mutiny of 1857, ………………………killed a British officer. (Mangal Pandey)
4. Jhansi Rani took over ……………………….from the British during her war against them. (Gwalior)
II.Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
1. What did The Indian Historians term 1857 revolt?
The Indian Historians termed 1857 revolt as „First Indian Freedom Struggle
2. What did the English historians term 1857 revolt?
The English historians termed it as The Sepoy Mutiny.
3. What is a type of new and improved guns started by the British?
A type of new and improved guns is known as„Royal Enfield‟ guns.
4. Where did the 1857 revolt start?
1857 revolt started from Barackpur
5. Who was declared as as the emperor of India during 1857 revolt?
The Mughal King Bhadur Shah II was declared as the emperor of India during 1857 revolt.
6. Who led 1857 revolt in Kanpur?
Nana Saheb led 1857 revolt in Kanpur
7. Who was Tatya Tope ?
Tatya Tope was the assistant of Nana Saheb
8. Why did Rani Lakshmi Bai declare war on the British?
Rani Lakshmi Bai who was angered by the Doctrine of Lapse declared war on the British.
9. Who has a special place in the annals of Indian freedom struggle?
Rani Lakshmi Bai has a special place in the annals of Indian freedom struggle.
10. What came to an end after 1857 revolt?
The governance of East India Company came to an end after 1857 revolt.
11. To whom the administration of India was handed over after 1857 revolt?
The administration of India was handed over to Secretary of Indian Affairs of the British Parliament
12. Who passed a declaration in CE 1858?
The Queen of Britain passed a declaration in CE 1858.
III.Answer the following questions:
1. What were the results of „Doctrine of Lapse‟? Discuss.
Due to the Doctrine of Lapse implemented by the British, many Indians Kings had to lose their kingdoms.
As a result of this policy, Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udaipur and many other states became part of the British Empire
2. How did the economic policies result in the mutiny of 1857? Explain.
Due to the development of industrialization in England, the Indian handicrafts and industries diminished.
England apart from being an industrialized country became a workshop of industries.
The artisans of India became unemployed.
The weavers became the first victims as wool and cloth making industries suffered a lot.
The Indian handicrafts became financially pathetic.
The British levied high customs on Indian goods entering the market of England.
Due Zamindari system,the farmers were exploited by Zamindars. Land tax collection rights awarded to Talukadars were withdrawn.
By forming Inam Commissions, Inam lands were also withdrawn.
3. What were the issues that outraged the religious feelings of the Soldiers?
The British started providing „Royal Enfield‟ guns, a type of new and improved guns.
A rumour spread that the bullets of these guns were smeared in the fat of pig and cow.
The cow was sacred for Hindus and the pig was prohibited for Muslims.
4. What were the immediate causes of First War of Indian Independence?
The British started providing „Royal Enfield‟ guns, a type of new and improved guns.
A rumour spread that the bullets of these guns were smeared in the fat of pig and cow.
The cow was sacred for Hindus and the pig was prohibited for Muslims.
This became the immediate cause for the mutiny.
5. List out the reasons that led to the failure the mutiny (What were the reasons for the failure of 1857 revolt).
It did not cover every part of India.
It was mainly concentrated on the issues of the rights of Kings and Queens rather than liberation of the country.
As it was not a planned mutiny, there were many unexpected results.
The unity among the British and the disunity among the Indian soldiers resulted in its failure.
The Mutiny lacked direction and leadership.
The soldiers also lacked discipline and organizing skills.
The Indian soldiers lacked military strategies, planning capabilities and soldiering skills.
The freedom fighters lacked a definite aim.
Many of the Indian kings extended their loyalties to the British and did not support the freedom fighters.
The plundering and other crimes committed by the sepoys made them to lose the faith of common people
6. What were the main aspects in the declaration of the British Queen?
The agreements entered by the company with the local Kings were accepted.
Non pursuance of regional expansion.
Providing a stable government for Indians Equality before the law
Non-interference of the government in religious issues of Indians and practicing religious tolerance.
7. What were the political reasons for the First War of Indian Independence?
Due to the Doctrine of Lapse implemented by the British, many Indians Kings had to lose their kingdoms.
As a result of this policy, Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udaipur and many other states became part of the British Empire.
Dalhousie abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and Carnatic Nawabs.
The British dethroned Mughal kings and many other kings.
As a result, many soldiers depended on these kings became unemployed.
8. What were the administrative reasons First War of Indian Independence?
The British brought in many civil and criminal laws into effect.
But in the implementation, there were lot of partiality.
Laws applied to Indians in a different manner.
English became the language of the court.
The English judges gave judgments in favour of the English.
People did not like the new laws.
9. Why did Mangal Pandey shot dead a British officer?
When the soldiers were directed to load the bullets to the gun by chewing off a part of bullet, the soldiers refused to do it.
The soldiers of Barackpur revolted against the British officers. A soldier named Mangal Pandey shot dead a British officer
10. Explain the Spread of the 1857 Mutiny.
Meerut was a major Biritish military base.
The Indian soldiers stationed here refused to use the bullets of the new guns. Many soldiers were arrested. This led to mutiny in Meerut.
The soldiers barged into the prison and released the imprisoned soldiers. A group of soldiers reached Delhi from Meerut.
They entered the Red fort and declared the Mughal King Bhadur Shah II as the emperor of India.
Due to various reasons, the protesting soldiers reached Delhi.
The protests became intensified. This spread likea wild fire to Delhi, Khanpur and Jhansi.
11. Explain the role Rani Lakshmi Bai in 1857 Mutiny.
Rani Lakshmi Bai who was angered by the Doctrine of Lapse declared war on the British.
She captured Gwalior. She died a heroic death while battling the British in another battle.
Even today, Rani Lakshmi Bai has a special place in the annals of Indian freedom struggle.
12. Explain the Results of 1857 Mutiny.
The governance of East India Company came to an end, and the governance of British government started.
The administration of India was handed over to Secretary of Indian Affairs of the British Parliament. The Queen of Britain passed a declaration in CE 1858
The agreements entered by the company with the local Kings were accepted.
Non pursuance of regional expansion.
Providing a stable government for Indians
Equality before the law
Non-interference of the government in religious issues of Indians and practicing religious tolerance
The British realized that unless and until they command the love and affection of Indians, ruling India would be a difficult proposition.
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