CLASS 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY UNIT – V SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS NOTES 2021 -22

UNIT – V SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:

1. The nineteenth century is called as …………period (reformation)

2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started …… periodical (Samvada Komudhi)

3. The founder of Prathana Samaj is ………(Dr Athma Ram Panduranga)

4. The Young Bengal Movement was started by ……(Henry Louis Vivian Derozio)

5. The Guru of Swami Vivekananda was ........... ( Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa)

6. The Anglo-Oriental College was established at ……………(Aligarh)

II.Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1. What is “White Man‟s burden‟?

 British believed that it is their duty to civilize Indian as a civilized class of people.This is known as “White Man‟s burden‟

2. Who started Athmiya Sabha?

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started „Athmiya Sabha.

3. Who started „Brahmo Samaj‟?

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Brahmo Samaj.

4. When was Brahmo samaj started?

 Brahmo samaj was started in 1828.

5. Name the journal published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

 The journal published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy is Samvada Komudhi

6. Who prohibited Sati System?

 Governor General William Bentinck prohibited Sati System.

7. When was Sati system prohibited?

 Sati system was prohibited in 1829

8. “Raj Ram Mohan Roy as the harbinger of modern India, progenitor of Indian Social Reformation movement, and „the prophet of Indian Nationalism”.Who said this?

 “Raj Ram Mohan Roy as the harbinger of modern India, progenitor of Indian Social Reformation movement, and „the prophet of Indian Nationalism” - Rabindranatha Tagore said this.

9. Who started Young Bengal Movement?

 Young Bengal Movement was started by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

10. Who started Arya Samaj?

 Dayananada Saraswathi started Arya Samaj.

11. What is the other name of Dayananada Saraswathi ?

 Moolashankar is the other name of Dayananada Saraswathi

12. Who were the parents of Dayananada Saraswathi?

 His father was Amba shankar Tiwari and mother Amruthabai

13. Name the book of Dayananada Saraswathi.

 Sathyaratha Prakasha

14. Why Dayananda Saraswati declared “Back to Vedas”?

 He realised that the remedies to the various maladies of India are present in Vedas. Hence, he declared “Back to Vedas”.

15. What was one of the important programmes of Arya Samaj?

 „Shuddi Movement‟ was one of the important programmes of Arya Samaj

16. What is the aim of „Shuddi Movement‟ ?

 It aimed at reconversion of people who had converted to Islam and Christianity from Hinduism back to Hinduism.

17. Which radical leader of Indian Freedom Movement was influenced by the principles of Arya Samaj?

 Lajapat Rai, a radical leader of Indian Freedom Movement was influenced by the principles of Arya Samaj

18. Who was the founder of Prathana Samaj?

 Prathana Samaj was founded by Dr Athma Ram Panduranga

19. Who started Sathya Shodhak Samaj?

 Sathya Shodhak Samaj was founded by Mahatma Jyothibha Phule

20. Which are the books of Jyothibha Phule?

 „Gulamagiri‟ and „Shetkarayacha Aasud‟

21. Who started Aligarh Reformation Movement?

 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started Aligarh Reformation Movement

22. Who founded Ramakrishna Mission?

 Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission at Belur

23. Why Swami Vivekananda start Ramakrishna Mission?

 In order to spread the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission.

24. When and where was World Religious Congress held?

 World Religious Congress was held at Chicago city in 1893.

25. Who founded Theosophical Society?

 Theosophical Society was founded by Madam Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott

26. Where is the Head office of Theosophical Society?

 The Head office of Theosophical Society is at Adyar.

27. Who was called as „Shwetha Saraswathi‟?

 Annie Besant was called as „Shwetha Saraswathi‟.

28. Name the periodicals of Annie Besant.

 New India and Common Wealth

29. What is the aim of Sri Narayana Dharma ParipalanaYogam?

 This movement aimed at strengthening the backward and exploited communities.

30. Who started Sri Narayana Dharma ParipalanaYogam?

 Narayana Guru, Dr. Pallpu and Kumaran Assan

31. Who started „Viakom Movement?

 Narayana Guru and his companions started „Viakom Movement‟

32. What is Viakom Movement?

 Viakom Movement is a temple entry movement

33. Who started „Self-Respect Movement‟?

 E.V.Ramaswami Naicker started„Self-Respect Movement‟

34. Who started Dravida Kalagam?

 E.V.Ramaswami Naicker

35. Who is known as Periyar?

 E.V.Ramaswami Naicker

36. Where was„Congress of Religion held ?

 Congress of Religion was held at Paris

37. Why Annie Besent was called as „Shwetha Saraswathi ?

 Translating Bagvath Geetha to English is one of the major achievements of her. So She was called as „Shwetha Saraswathi‟.

38. Who started Home Rule League in 1916?

 Annie Besent started Home Rule League in 1916

39. Who became the first women president of Indian National Congress?

 Annie Besent became the first women president of Indian National Congress.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the preaching of Brahmo Samaj?

 Advocated Monotheism.

 Opposed meaningless rituals.

 Every person should live with dignity and no law or ritual should violate this provision.

 Brahmo Samaj intended to assure equality to woman by opposing Polygamy.

 It advocated for a share in property to honour dignity of life to widow.  It also opposed Child Marriage.

 Bramho Samaj decalred that, one can take good things from anywhere.

2. Discuss the declaration of Dayananda Sarswathi‟s „Back to Vedas‟.

 He realised that the remedies to the various maladies of India are present in Vedas. Hence, he declared „Back to Vedas

 He declared that only Vedas are authentic

3. Discuss the reformation advocated by Sathyashodak Samaj.

 Sathya Shodhak Samaj was established to provide equal rights to non-Brahimin class and women.

 This Samaj was founded by Mahatma Jyothibha Phule.

 They established hostel for girls

 They established society based on equality.

 They opened schools for Shudras and girls.

4. Discuss the aims of Aligarh Movement.

 By the end of nineteenth century, a new wave of social and religious reformation was set in Muslim society.

 Anti-British sentiment became strong in Muslim community after the incident of CE 1857.

 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started Aligarh Movement

 He declared that Quran is the authoritative book and others works on Islam are derived ones

 He said one has to interpret one‟s religion according to the changing times. Otherwise, religion becomes sluggish

 Sir Ahmad Khan fought against traditions, superstitions, ignorance and irrationalities thoughout his life.

 He said without an open mind, any social and intellectual development is impossible

 He did not support the Purdah system for Muslim women

5. Explain the views of Ramakrishna Mission.

 Ramakrishna Mission was founded to carry the message and thoughts of Sri Ramakrishna

 One has to attain Moksha through Dyana and Bhakti said Ramakrishna and his life itself was an example of this model.

 It had believed that all religions advocate the same.

 It also believed that there many ways of attaining moksha and the God.

 It said idol worship is inevitable.  Ramakrishna Mission has provided a unique contribution to India‟s spiritual growth, nationalistic awareness and cultural development

6. Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a source of inspiration for youngsters?

 He also noticed exploitation, poverty, illiteracy and divisions among the Indians.

 Vivekananda believed that People should be educated first, and then they themselves seek reformation.

 He wanted legal institutions to implement appropriate rules to support reformation.

 He also wanted people to stop following the western ideals blindly.

 He believed it is the duty of the religion to provide light.

 Without this, religion is itself is of no use, declared Vivekananda.

 The one who responds to the poor is Mahatma, and the one who doesn‟t is Duratma.

 He opposed caste system, untouchability and the idea of supremacy based on caste system.

7. What were the reformation activities of Annie Besant?

 She advocated that Indian culture is far more superior to the western culture which is based on materialism.

 She also did a comparative study of Hinduism and Buddhism.

 Translating Bagvath Geetha to English is one of the major achievements of her

 She was called as „Shwetha Saraswathi

 She wanted education for all.

 She opened schools.

 She started Central Hindu Benaras College

 She started two periodicals „New India‟ and „Common Wealth‟ to initiate discussion on current problems and social issues.

 She started Home Rule League

8. Explain the contributions of Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam.

 This movement aimed at strengthening the backward and exploited

 communities.

 Narayana Guru and his companions Dr. Pallpu and Kumaran Assan led the movement.

 One Caste, One Religion and One God for human beings was the basic idea of Sri Narayana Guru.

 Education is the only path to achieve this he declared.

 He built temples for the backward communities as they were denied entry into temples.

 Narayana Guru and his companions started „Viakom Movement‟,

 a temple entry movement

9. Make list of main aspects of Periyar Movement.

 Ramaswamy who came out of Congress, started Self Respect League  He was called Periyar (Senior Person) out of love by people

 He rejected the racial supremacy in the name Arya and Brahmin

 He said Tamil is language of Dravidians.  He opposed Sanskrit language and literature

 He also rejected Rama as the Vedic leader and accepted Ravana as the Dravidian leader.

 He championed equality and criticized caste and gender based discrimination.

10. Write a note about Young Bengal Movement

 The young Bengal movement held discussions and debates on issues like nature, humanism, God and other various topics.

 Derozio worked towards spreading the message that only rational thinking would liberate people from the clutches of superstitions and social discrimination.

 He was an advocate of Women Rights and opposed caste based discrimination.

 Many of his students who had come from traditional families were deeply influenced by Derozio‟s thoughts and joined their hands in spreading the movement across Bengal.

 The influence of this Movement was limited to Calcutta and a few areas of Bengal.

11. What are the aims of Arya Samaj?

 All Hindus should believe in one formless God

 No one is a Shudra or Brahmin by birth and caste based system was rejected.

 Encouragement to inter caste marriages.

 Rejection of polygamy and child marriage.

 Men and women are equal.

 One should study Vedas and other ancient sacred texts and preach them.

12. What are the aims of Prathana Samaj?

 Prathana Samaj was founded by Dr Athma Ram Panduranga at Bombay with the aim of finding solutions to various problems faced by women and lower caste groups.

 This association argued that the reinterpretation of Hinduism is needed in the light of modern western thinking.

 It advocated that reformation should not be a wish, but should be implemented in reality.

 Many programmes like education for women, rehabilitation of poor people were undertaken by the Prathana Samaj

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