CLASS 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY ) UNIT – 2 INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY NOTES

UNIT – 2 INDIAN PHYSIOGRAPHY

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. The Greater Himalayas are also known as----- (Himadri)

2. The lesser Himalaya are also known as ------(Himachal)

3. In south India is the heighest peak------- (Anamudi)

4. The Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats in the hills----(Nilgiri)

5. The Northern Great plain is made up of soil---- (alluvial soil)

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1. Mention the Physiographic Divisions of India.

 The Northern Mountains

 The Northern Greatplains

 The Peninsular Plateau

 The Coastal Plains and Islands

2. Write the extent of The Northern Mountains

 In India they extend from the Indus gorge in the west to the Brahmaputra gorge in the east

3. Mention the three parallel ranges the Himalayas

.  Greater Himalayas

 Lesser Himalayas

 Siwalik hills

4. Which are the the inner most, continuous and highest ranges of Himalayas?

 The Greater Himalayas are the inner most, continuous and highest ranges.

5. Which is the is the highest peak in the world?

 Mt. Everest (8848mts) is the highest peak in the world.

6. Mention the peaks of The Greater Himalayas.

 Mt. Everest

 Kanchanajunga

 Makulu

 Dhaulagiri

 Manaslu

 Nandadevi

7. Why is the Greater Himalayas are called „Himadri‟?

 As the Greater Himalayas are covered with snow throughout the year, these ranges are called „Himadri‟.

8. Mention the glaciers of The Greater Himalayas

 Gangotri

 Yamunotri

9. Mention the Peaks of The Greater Himalayas

 Burzil

 Lozi-la

 Shipkila

10. What are Trans-Himalayas?

 The mountains lying to the north west of the Himadri are called Trans- Himalayas

11. Which is the highest peak in India?

 K2 or Mt. Godwin Austin is the highest peak in India.

12. What is the other name of The Lesser Himalayas?

 Himachal

13. Mention the parallel ranges in the lesser Himalayas.

 Pirpanjal

 the Dhaula Dhar

 the Naga Tiba

 the Mussorie

 the Mahabharat

 the Darjeeling

14. Mention the valleys of the lesser Himalayas.

 Kashmir valley

 Kangra valley

 Kulu valley

15. Mention hill stations of the lesser Himalayas.

 Shimla

 Ranikhet

 Mussorie

 Nainital

 Darjeeling

16. Which are the outer most ranges or foot hills of the main Himalayas?

 The Siwalik Hills are the outer most ranges or foot hills of the main Himalayas.

17. What is the other name of the The Siwalik Hills?

 The other name of the The Siwalik Hills Outer Himalayas.

18. What are Doons ? Give example.

 The Siwalik Hills have flat-bottom, structured valleys, which are known as Doons. eg. Dehradoon.

19. Which is the largest physical divisions of India ?

 The Peninsular Plateau is the largest physical divisions of India.

20. Which is the oldest fold mountain?

 The Aravalli range is the oldest fold mountain

21. Which is the highest peak on the Abu hills of the Aravalli range?

 Guru Shikhar is the highest peak on the Abu hills of the Aravalli range

23. What is the other name of The Western Ghats?

 Sahyadri

24. Which is the highest peak in South India?

 Anamudi is the highest peak in South India

25. Which is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats?

 The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Armakonda.

26.Where does The Eastern Ghats join the the Western Ghats?

 The Eastern Ghats joins the the Western Ghats at Niligiri hills

27. How are The Lakshadweep islands formed?

 The Lakshadweep islands are formed by corals

28. Mention the two parts of The Eastern Coastal Plain.

 Northern Circar

 Coromandal coast

29. Mention three parts of The Western Coastal Plain.

 The Konkan coast

 The Karnataka coast

 The Malabar coast

III. Answer the following questions.

1. Which are the main physiographic divisions of India?

 The Northern Mountains.

 The Northern Great plains.

 The Peninsular Plateau.

 The Coastal Plains and Islands

2. State how the Northern Great Plains were formed?

 It is formed by the depositional work of three river systems namely the Sutluj, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

 It is the largest alluvial soil tract in the world,

3. Write briefly about the Siwalik hills.

 They are the outer most ranges or foot hills located to the south of the main Himalayas.

 Therefore they are also known as „Outer Himalaya.‟ They are the lowest range of the Himalayas,

 They extend from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.

 They have flat-bottom, structured valleys, which are known as „Doons‟ eg. Dehradoon.

4. Distinguish between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats.

5. State the importance of the Northern mountains

 The Himalayas act as natural frontiers and prevent foreign invasion, they prevent the cold winds from central Asia.

 They obstruct the rain bearing winds and this causes heavy rainfall.

 Their slopes have thick forests and are ideal for plantation crops. eg. Tea in Assam.

 They are a store house of minerals and the birthplace of many rivers and water falls which are used to generate hydro-electric power

6. Explain the importance of The Peninsular Plateau.

 Peninsular plateau is rich in minerals, thick forests and biodiversity.

 It has influence on southwest monsoons, and it is covered with black soil which is useful for agriculture.

 The western ghats are the birth place of many south Indian rivers, which are useful for the generation of hydro-electricity.

 It is also well known for hill stations. Such as Ooty.

7. Distinguish between the The Western Coastal Plain and The Eastern Coastal Plain

8. Explain the importance of The Coastal Plains

 The Coastal plains of India provide some natural harbours which help in carrying on foreign trade.

 The coastal plain are useful for fishing, shipbuilding, agriculture and production of salt.

 Many beaches are found along the coast and they attract tourists.  The backwaters are useful for navigation.

9. Write a short note on the Islands of India

 There are about 247 islands in India.

 Of these, 204 are in the Bay of Bengal and 43 are in the Arabian sea.

 The Andaman and Nicobar islands are in the Bay of Bengal.

 The Lakshadweep islands are in the Arabian sea and are formed by corals.

10. Explain the importance of The Northern Great Plain

 The Northern Great plain is very suitable for irrigation and agriculture as it has pernnial rivers and vast fertile alluvial soil.

 Its level land supports a network of roads, railways and means of communication.

 They are useful for industrialization, urbanization and trade.

 A number of pilgrim centres are located here

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