CLASS 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE (SOCIOLOGY ) UNIT – IV SOCIAL PROBLEMS NOTES 2021 -22

UNIT – IV SOCIAL PROBLEMS

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:

1. The child labour is prohibited as per ……………………..article of the constitution. (24)

2. Child marriage prevention act was implemented in the year……………… (2006)

3. A national policy was implemented in the year ……………for the welfare of child labour.(2016)

4. The law prohibiting female feticide was implemented in the year …………. (1994)

5. The law protecting children from sexual crimes was implemented in the year ……………….(2012)

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1.What is child labour?

 If children below the age of 14 years are working for the financial consideration, then it is called as „Child Labour‟.

2.When did „Child Adolescent Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act come into force?

 1986

3. When did Protection Children from Sexual Offences Act come into existence?

 2012

4. What is Female Feticide (foeticide)?

 Female Feticide is an attempt to stop the natural growth of a female fetus in the womb of a mother or aborting the fetus forcibly

5. What is Hunger?

 Hunger is a state where the necessary calorie of food is not available for the individual

6. What is „Invisible Hunger‟?

 An individual needs requisite quantity of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and salts. If these requirements are not fulfilled, it is called as „Invisible Hunger

7. What is Child Marriage?

 The marriage that takes place between a boy of below 21 years and a girl who is below 18 years is child Marriage.

8. When did Child Marriage Prohibition Act come into force?

 2006

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the features of „Child Adolescent Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act of 1986?

 No children below 14 years be employed in any sector for any reasons. According to the article 14 of this act, a fine of Rupees 50,000 and 2 years imprisonment is imposed on violators.

 Any family cannot engage their children of below 14 years in any household activities during school hours. If they are engaged, the parents and the head of the family is declared as offenders and imposed a fine of rupees 10,000 on them.

 As per this act, children between the age of 15 and 18 are considered as Adolescent children. And these adolescent children should not be employed in any dangerous employment. If violated a fine of rupees 50,000 is imposed on the violators.

2. What are the Reasons for Child Labour?

 Lack of social environment that honours and protect Child rights is the main reason for child labour, child marriage, human trafficking of children.

 The greedy owners who strive for less wages and more work is the reason for child labour.

 Due to agricultural crisis resulting out of drought and other reasons leads to the migration of families to urban centers and children end up working in hotels, fire crackers manufacturing units and other dangerous sectors which fall under unorganized sector.

 Failure to implement compulsory and universal education has resulted in non availability of education to all children.

3. What are the Demerits of Child Labour?

 Child labour affects the physical and psychological growth of children negatively.

 Children who have worked as child labour suffer from various ill health as adults.

 As children engaged in labour at tender age, they become illiterates.

 As a result they miss their basic rights.

 Child labour restricts the social and economic mobility of the families. Children become target of exploitation repeatedly in such families.

 This crisis leads to child marriage and human trafficking among children. As a result, the risk of sexual exploitations becomes more for children especially for girls.

 Many of the children get infected with various diseases and many become physically deformed.

4. What are the solutions for the problem of Child Labour?

 Ensuring Gender equality always.

 Stopping migration of helpless families

 Creating awareness on child marriage and human trafficking.

 Ensuring better implementation of child rights through Gram panchayets.

5. What are the unique features of Protection Children from Sexual Offences Act?

 Penetrative Sexual Assault

 Aggravated Penetrative Sexual Assault

 Sexual Assault

 Aggravated Sexual Assault

 Sexual Harassment

 Using children to produce Pornographic movies

 Collection of obscene photographs

6. What are the aspects of Hunger index?

 The average of people who receive less than minimum calorie of food required.

 The average of children who are below five years of age and underweight.

 The mortality rate of children below five years of age.

7. What are the types of Gender Discrimination?

 Inequality in Birth Rate

 Inequality in Infrastructure

 Inequality in Opportunities

 Inequality in Ownership

 Inequality in family

8. What are the reasons for Child Marriage?

 Gender discrimination is the primary reason for the Child Marriage

 Lack of proper implementation of law.

 Poor implementation of legal provisions in school education

9. What are the provisions of Child Marriage Prohibition Act 2006?

 As per this law, it is a crime to marry even when either of the couple is minor.

 It is crime even if a major man marries a minor girl or vice versa.

 If a child marriage takes place, the people who initiated the marriage, the who conducted or motivated the marriage are liable for imprisonment of two year and fine of rupees one lakh.

 As per provisions of this law under column 9, 10 and11; the priest, the photographer, videographer, cook, provider of Shamiyana services, musicians, vehicle drivers and whoever took part in the marriage all are liable for punishment

10. What are the ill effects of Child Marriage?

 The holistic development of children is stunted by child marriage and they lose the power of questioning.

 As a result, violations like sexual assaults on children become more and more increased.

 Many rights of children like education, childhood, entertainment, interaction with friends continue to be violated.

 Children fall into the trap of malnutrition, anemia, diseases, abortions, infanticide and maternal mortality increases.

 The chance of girl becoming a widow at a young age is also more and becomes a victim of violence easily.

11. What are the Solutions for Child Marriage?

 Implementing the education Development Programmes without lapses can prevent school dropouts before 18 years of age.

 This means all the children within 18 years of age should be within the schooling system and should have 100% attendance.

 Similarly, birth registration is compulsory and 100% birth registration target is needed.

 Importance should be given to girls‟ education. They should be empowered on priority basis. A child marriage should always be reported, questioned and opposed.

12. What are the reasons for Child Trafficking?

 Child labour

 child marriage

 school dropout

 poverty

 negligence in the families

 bonded labour

 frequent migrations and shifting of residences

 over exposure to internet and social media

 social inequalities

 gender discrimination

 lack of skills

 financial difficulties in the families

13. What are the ill effects of Child Trafficking?

 It affects the holistic development of children.

 Children are exposed to physical, psychological and sexual exploitation.

 Many children become infected with HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.

 They undergo unwanted pregnancy, abortions, forced pregnancies, murders and drug addictions, and many other unwanted developments take place in the society

14. What are the Remedial actions for Child Trafficking?

 Formation of Child Right Clubs schools of Karnataka.

 Formation of „Child Protection Committees‟ in schools of Karnataka.

 Organizing „Children Grama Sabha‟ in all the villages of the state and listen to the various problems of children under 18 years of age.

 Formation of „Child Rights Protection Units‟ in all the Gram/ Taluk/Zilla panchayet levels and organizing at least one meeting in two months could address the issues related to children.

 Formation of „Women and Children Trafficking Prevention‟ committees at Gram/Taluk/Zilla Panchayet and organizing at least one meeting in two months could solve the problems better.

 Formation of „Baalika Sanghas‟ in all the anganawadis of the state.

Milan Tomic

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