UNIT – III SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. Environmental movements mean ……………………………. (the scientific movements aimed at preserving the biological system)
2. Narmada Bachavo movement is led by ……………(Medha Patkar )
3.Dr.Shivaram Karanth opposed the establishment of …………………………nuclear power plant. (Kaiga)
4. Women movement means …………… (a movement that opposed the patriarchal values exploiting women and the creation of inequality on the basis of gender)
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
1. Who believed that „God is Truth‟.?
Mahatama Gandhi believed that „God is Truth‟
2. Who stated that “Truth is God”?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated that “Truth is God”
3. What is Mob?
A mob is a collection of people who have assembled at particular point without any prior plan and gathered to express some decision.
4. What is Mob Violence?
When the behavior of mob turns violent, then it is called as Mob Violence.
5. When was Jarkhand Mukthi was formed ?
Jarkhand Mukthi Morcha was formed in the year 1930
6. Who was the leader of Narmda Bachavo Andolana?
Medha Patkar
7.Who was the leader of Movement opposing Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant?
Shivarama Karantha
8. Name the periodical of Dr.B.R Ambedkar?
„MookaNayaka‟
9. Who started self importance movement in TamilNadu?
Periyar Ramaswamy started self importance movement in TamilNadu.
10. What is an inhuman practice of stratified society?
Untouchability is an inhuman practice of stratified society
11.Which is the first labour union established in London?
„The International Working Men‟s Association‟ is the first labour union established in London
12. What is labour movement?
Labour Movement is a movement demanding better working conditions and pay for the workers along with the demand for the implementation of labour related legal provisions.
13. Who strived to bring in various legal measures to free the downtrodden from the shackles of Caste System?
D. Devaraja Urs
14. Who founded Karnataka State Ryot Sangha?
M.D.Nanjundaswamy founded Karnataka State Ryot Sangha
III. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the models of Mob behavior?
Mob
Mob Violence
Environmental Movements
Women‟s Movement
Farmers‟ Movement
Alcohol Prohibition Movement
Labour Movements
Untouchability Prevention Movement
2. What is Women‟s movement? Give examples.
It is a movement that opposed the patriarchal values exploiting women and the creation of inequality on the basis of gender Examples: Alcohol Prohibition Movement
3. Explain the nature of mob.
Mob is a collection of people which collects in place and indulges in a temporary thinking, demands and the related emotional expression. This expression is called Mob Behaviour.
These type of sources later turn into a social movements.
A mob is a collection of people who have assembled at particular point without any prior plan and gathered to express some decision.
A group of people who have collected in front of a theatre to watch or a group of people who have gathered around to know more about an accident are examples of „Mobs‟.
4. Explain the Environmental movements, their meaning and nature.
Environmental movements are the scientific movements aimed at preserving the biological system.
The Scientific protest aimed at curtailing the various activities that are polluting the Earth, air, and water.
They never appear instantly.
They are the result of many years of exploitations of nature and tribal people.
For example, Jarkhand Mukthi Morcha was formed in the year 1930.
But years before this formation, tribal people of Jarkhand had opposed the actions of companies that rendered thousands of tribal people displaced due to mining activities.
Jarkhand Mukthi Morcha is one such result of these agitations.
5. Explain the nature of Mob Mob Violence.
When the behavior of mob turns violent, then it is called as Mob Violence.
There would be no unity in mob violence.
Here anti social elements lead the mob towards violence destroying public property.
They create confusion in the beginning.
Out of confusion, violence grows out. Many a times, mob violence result in major deaths.
6. Expalin Chipko Movement
The government had issued license to cut 2500 trees belonging to Reni village of Tehri-Gharwal district.
The women who learnt about this, decided to hug the trees in order to protect them so that environment remains protected.
This movement of hugging is called as „Chipko Movement‟.
Though a woman was instrumental behind this movement, its effects were long lasting.
Due to this movement, the permission given to cut the trees was withdrawn.
7. Explain Appiko Movement of Karnataka
Appiko movement was started by the villagers of Salyani.
The local people opposed the move of the contractor to cut trees in Kalase forest.
They stood hugging the trees.
The people launched this movement to protect trees from smuggling.
They also aimed at increasing awareness among the people about the importance of growing forest.
8.Explain Narmda Bachavo Andolana
The huge dam built across the river Narmada under Sardar Sarovar project displaced local tribal people.
As scientific studies found that the dam would affect the sensitive ecological balance of the river, the people agitated against the Dam under the leadership of Medha Patkar.
This movement has been going on for a long period.
9. Explain Silent Valley Movement
A dam was proposed to build in the Silent valley of Palghat of Kerala.
The building of dam threatened the sensitive ecological balance of the silent valley.
People from Kerala Shastra Parishad and wild life enthusiasts opposed this project.
Finally, the movement was successful installing the dam and protecting the Silent valley‟s sensitive ecological balance.
10. Explain Coastal Karnataka Environment Movement.
People of Mangalore opposed against the Mangalore Refineries and Petro Chemical Limited which discharged harmful chemicals into the sea threatening the local environment.
This movement also opposed the establishment of Nandikooru thermal power plant and special economic zone
11. Explain Movement opposing Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant
The move to oppose the establishment of Kaiga Nuclear Plant was undertaken by the people of coastal Karnataka under the leadership of Shivarama Karantha.
It was argued that with the establishment of nuclear plant at Kaiga, vast deforestation takes place and also the threat of pollution from nuclear radiation would spoil numerous species in the ecosystem.
Hence, the movement opposed the establishment of the Kaiga Nuclear Reactor
12. Explain Alcohol Prohibition Movement
Among various movements designed by the women pressing for alcohol Prohibition is an important one.
It also became part of environmental movements that took place in coastal Karnataka and in Malenaadu.
Kusma Soraba and others along with her have lost their lives.
Apart from this, women have protested against sale of liquor in Hassan, Kolar, Mandya and Chamrajanagar district.
Alcoholism creates a lot of problems at personal level as well as community level.
It has created severe problems in lives of rural women.
The labourers lose their small earnings to this addiction.
They often forcibly take away money earned by the wife also.
Hence, women have come together to organize protests against alcoholism which has created a lot of problems in their life.
13. Explain Untouchability Prevention Movement
Untouchability is an inhuman practice of stratified society.
Before the implementation of Constitution, the ideas like untouchables should be untouched, should not stand next to him were in vogue.
Untouchability prevention movement is a movement aimed at achieving eradicating of the practice of untouchabiltiy and attacks on the untouchable people.
It is a movement against caste based social exploitation.
The untouchable communities have been fighting for their rights for many years.
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