Unit – II Labour
I. Fill in the with appropriate answers:
1. Division of Labour leads to …………(„Specialization‟)
2. Land less labourer are called as ……………………. (labourers Unorganized)
3. Labourers of medical institutions are called as ……………. labourers. (Organized)
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
1.Who wrote in his book „The Republic‟ on the Division of Labour
Plato wrote in his book „The Republic‟ on the Division of Labour
2. “Human society is formed on natural inequalities. This natural inequality is based on division of labour”. Who said this?
Plato said this.
3. “Division of Labour creates less skilled workers”. Who said this?
Karl Marx said this
4. What is labour?
Labour means earning in cash or kind by providing one‟s manual or intellectual labour
5. What is inequality in labour?
Any labour that goes against dictum „equal labour equal pay‟ can be termed as inequality in labour
6. What is Discrimination?
If differential payment is given for two people who put the same amount of time and efforts, then it is called as Discrimination
7. What is Labour without pay?
If work is done without payment either in cash or kind, then it is called as Labour without pay
8. What is Labour with Pay?
The labour which gets compensation based on hours, days or months for semi skilled or skilled work is considered as Labour with Pay.
9. Give examples for Labour with Pay.
Labour in small business and road side business
work in factories
work in schools as assistant teachers
building work
vehicle repair
garages
agricultural farm works
10. What is Organized Sector?
The sector which is enrolled as per the law of the government, and provided fixed wages, facilities within the framework of law is called Organized Sector
11. What is Unorganized Sector?
The unorganized sector of work is that sector where legal provisions do not completely govern
12. In which book a study of Circular Migration is done?
In the book „Foot Losers‟, a study of Circular Migration is done.
13. What is Division of Labour?
A society‟s need is fulfilled by different divisions of people. For example, the food is produced by farmers,cloth by weavers, and dresses are produced by tailors.
14. What are the challenges faced by unorganized sectors workers?
Labourers working in unorganized are facing many social and economic problems.
They do not have fixed work schedule, fixed pay or defined benefits also.
they don‟t get fixed wage
Migration
Social Security
Legal Framework
Child Labour
Physical and Mental Exploitation
III. Answer the following:
1. What are the types of organized labour? Explain.
The sector which is enrolled as per the law of the government, and provided fixed wages, facilities within the framework of law is called Organized Sector.
This sector is guided by minimum wages act, factory act, Special allowances act, provident fund act and many other acts in support of labourers.
In organized sector, institutions like School, Hospital, industries, government related services, commercial banks, life insurance companies, military and others come.
This sector has to take the permission of the government before it begins its function.
It is also mandatory for them to pay taxes.
It is the responsibility of the institution to pay special facilities and provide employment security for the workers
2. Define discrimination in labour?
Any labour that goes against dictum „equal labour equal pay‟ can be termed as inequality in labour.
If differential payment is given for two people who put the same amount of time and efforts, then it is called as Discrimination.
3. Explain the challenges faced on Social Security issue by the
unorganized sectors. Unorganized sector workers face social insecutiry.
Social Security means having minimum needs to lead a life like housing, health, water, food, drinking water, equal opportunity to work and others.
Providing these facilities universally and publically is called as „Social Security.
But, this is not available for people working in unorganized sector.
4. What are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?
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