CLASS 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY ) UNIT – 7 INDIAN LAND RESOURCES NOTES 2021 -22

UNIT – 7 INDIAN LAND RESOURCES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. The land which is not used for cultivation is called_____ (Fallow Land)

2. A system of farming involving both crops and livestock is known as --------farming. (Mixed Farming)

3. The crops grown in between the Kharif and Rabi season are called ------crops. (Zaid Crop Season)

4. The largest rice producing state in India is---- (West Bengal)

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1.What is land use?

 The distribution of land for different uses such as forestry, cultivation, pastures etc is called „Land use‟.

2. Mention the factors which affect the landuse?

 relief features

 climate

 soil

 population density,

 socio-economic and technical factors.

3. What is Fallow Land?

 Fallow Land refers to the land which is not used for cultivation

4. What is agriculture?

 Tilling of the soil for raising food crops and raw materials needed by human beings is called Agriculture

5. What is Subsistence Farming?

 A type of farming in which the production of crops is consumed almost by the farmer and his family, leaving only a small portion for sale.

6. What are the types of Subsistence Farming?

 Shifting subsistence farming

 Sedentary subsistence farming

7. What is Shifting Farming?

 It is a type of agriculture in which a patch of forest is cleared and burnt to be cultivated for a few years until the fertility of the soil is reduced.

8. What is Sedentary Farming?

 It is cultivation of land at a fixed location instead of shifting from one place to another

9. What is Intensive Farming?

 A method of farming in which a large amount of capital and labour are applied per unit of land is called „Intensive farming

10. What is “commercial farming?

 A system of farming in which crops are grown for the market is called “commercial farming.”

11. what is Mixed Farming?

 Agriculture involving the cultivation of crops and livestock rearing is called „mixed farming

12. What is Plantation Farming?

 It refers to the cultivation of single crop on large estates for the market.

13. What is dry farming?

 A method of farming carried on in areas which receives scanty rainfall and where irrigation is either absent or limited is called „dry farming‟.

14. What is Humid Farming?

 It refers to the cultivation of crops in areas which receives sufficient rainfall, crops are grown without the help of irrigation

15. What is Irrigation Farming?

 A method of farming under which crops are grown with the help of irrigation is called „Irrigation farming

16. What is crop season?

 The proportion of area under different crops at a particular period of time is called Crop season

17. Mention the cropping seasons of India?

 The Kharif, the Rabi and Zaid Crop Season

18. What is The Kharif Crop Season?

 The crops grown during the rainy season are called Kharif crops.

19. What is The Rabi Crop Season?

 The sowing takes place in October- November when the NorthEast Monsoon begins and are harvested in February-March. This is known as Rabi season.

20. What is Zaid Crop Season?

 The crops are grown in between the Kharif and the Rabi crops are known as zaid crops.

21. Give examples for The Kharif Crop Season.

 Rice, jowar, ragi, cotton, groundnuts, tobacco etc. are the main kharif crops

22. Give examples for The Rabi Crop Season.

 Wheat, barley, gram, linseed

23. Give examples for Zaid Crop Season.

 water melon, cucumber,oilseeds, some pulses, vegetables

24. What are food crops? Give examples.

 The crops which are grown to provide food for people are called „food crops‟, for example : Rice, wheat, jowar pulses etc.

25. What are Commercial crops? Give examples.

 A crop that is grown for sale is called „Commercial crop‟. i.e. Sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, oil seeds etc.

26. Which is the most important food crop of India?

 Rice is the most important food crop of India

27. Which is the largest producer of rice in the country?

 West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in the country

28. Which is the largest producer of wheat in the world?

 The largest producer of wheat in the world is China.

29. Which is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world?

 The largest producer of sugarcane in the world is Brazil.

30. What is Fibre Crop?

 The crops which provide raw materials for textiles industry are called “fibre crops”.

31. Which are the most important fibre crops of India?

 Cotton and jute are the most important fibre crops of India

32. What are the „beverage crops?

 The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called beverage crops.

33. Which are the most important beverage crops of India?

 Coffee and tea are the most important beverage crops of India.

34. Which is the largest producer of tea in the world?

 China is the largest producer of tea in the world.

35. What is Horticulture?

 The intensive cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flower, medicinal and aromatic plants is called Horticulture.

36. What is Floriculture?

 The cultivation of flowers for commercial purpose is called Floriculture.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What is meant by land use pattern?

 The distribution of land for different uses such as forestry, cultivation, pastures etc is called „Land use‟ or “Land utilization.”

2. What is plantation farming? Give examples.

 It refers to the cultivation of single crop on large estates for the market. Tea, coffee, rubber and coconut are the important plantation crops of India.

3. Distinguish between the Kharif and Rabi crop season. The Kharif Crop Season The Rabi Crop Season The crops grown during the rainy season are called Kharif crops. The sowing takes place in October- November when the North-East Monsoon begins and are harvested in February-March. This is known as Rabi season Rice, jowar, ragi, cotton, groundnuts, tobacco etc., are the main kharif crops. Wheat, barley, gram, linseed etc

4. What are the conditions required for sugarcane cultivations?

 Sugarcane is an annual crop and it is grown in irrigated areas.

 It requires high temperature of 210 to 260 c and heavy rainfall ranging from 100 to 150cm per annum.

 It thrives best in alluvial and loamy soils.

5. What are the beverage crops? Give examples.

 The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called „beverage crops‟.

 Coffee and tea are the most important beverage crops of India.

6. Explain the role of Horticulture in India.

 The intensive cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flower, medicinal and aromatic plants is called Horticulture.

 In India horticulture provides an incentive for making agriculture more profitable through efficient land-use, optimum utilization of natural resources and generating skilled employment for the rural masses.

 It enhances exports and provides nutritional security.

7. Mention the Classification of land use.

 Net area sown

 Forest area

 Land not available

 for cultivation

 Fallow land

 Cultivable waste

 Permanent pasture

 and other grazing land

 Land under miscellaneous uses

8. Explain the importance of agriculture in India.

 India is a country known for agriculture.

 Nearly 65 percent of the people depend on agriculture.

 The economic progress of the country depends on the progress of agriculture.

 Agriculture in India is the main source of livelihood.

 It is the main source of food for the people and fodder for domestic animals. It is a source of national income and revenue.

 Agriculture supports tertiary sectors like trade, transport, banking, insurance etc.

 It also has influence on the political and social situation of the country.

 It supports many industries.i.e. cotton and jute textiles, sugar industry

9. Mention the types of agriculture.

 Subsistence Farming

 Intensive Farming

 Commercial Farming

 Mixed Farming

 Plantation Farming

 Dry Farming

 Humid Farming

 Irrigation Farming

10. What are the types of crops seasons of India?

 The Kharif

 The Rabi

 Zaid Crop Season

11. Mention the factors which effects Cropping pattern?

 relief features

 soil

 climate

 size of farms

 water supply

 income of farmers

 technology etc.

12. What are the conditions required for Rice cultivations?

 It is primarily tropical crop, it requires high temperature of 180 to 250 c and heavy rainfall of 100- 200cm per year.

 Alluvial, and clayey loam soils are best suited for its cultivation.

 Rice needs standing water and it needs level land.

 Irrigation is necessary wherever rainfall is less.

13. What are the conditions required for Wheat cultivations?

 It is a crop of temperate regions.

 It requires moderate temperature of 100 to 150c and annual rainfall of 50 to 70 cm per year.

 Heavy loams and black soils are best suited for wheat cultivation.

14. What are the conditions required for Tobacco cultivations?

 It is a tropical crop which requires high temperature of 210 to 270 c and moderate rainfall of 50 to 100cm a year.

 Sandy loamy soil is the best suited for it.

 It requires chemical fertilisers.

15. What are the conditions required for Cotton cultivations?

 Cotton is a tropical and sub-tropical crop.

 It requires 210 to 240c temperature and rainfall of 50-100cm in a year.

 Black cotton soil is the best suited for its growth.

 It is grown as a Kharif crop.

16. What are the conditions required for Tea cultivations?

 It is a tropical and sub-tropical crop.

 It requires a temperature of 210-300c and heavy rainfall of 150-250 cm in a year.

 It grows best in deep and fertile soil, rich in humus.  It require hill slopes with an altitude of 1200 to 2400 mts above sea level.

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