CLASS 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY UNIT – X THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF 20TH CENTURY NOTES 2021 -22

UNIT – X THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF 20TH CENTURY

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:

1. The Communist Government in Russia was founded by .......(Lenin)

2. The First World War ended in .............(1919)

3. The Fascist dictator was .........................(Mussolini)

4. The Second World War started in ....................(1939)

5. Japan attacked ..........................which was the Nav al base of USA (Pearl Harbour)

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

1. Mention the nations of a Triple Entente

 A Triple Entente of England, France and Russia

2. Mention the nations of a Triple Alliance  Germany, Italy and Austri-Hungary

3.What was the immediate cause of war?

 The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the Prince of Austria was the immediate cause of war.

4. When and why was League of nations came ino existence?

 In order to prevent future occurrences of war, „League of Nations‟ came into existence

5. By which treaty the first world war came to an end?

 Treaty of Versallies

6. Who ruled Russia in 19th century?

 It was ruled by Tsars in 19th century

7. Why did a lot of resistance against the Tsars start in 1905?

 When Japan, a small country from Asia defeated Russia in 1905 made the rule of Tsars more unacceptable and a lot of resistance against the Tsars started.

8.Who was the Tsar of Russia during Russian revolution?

 Tsar Nicholas II

9.Who are „Menshiviks‟?

 The power was shared by moderates called as „Menshiviks‟.

10. Who called for „Peace, Food and Land‟ in Russia?

 Lenin

11. What is October Revolution‟?

 Lenin joined the revolutionary party and declared Russia as a Socialist Republic Union on October 7th. This is called as „October Revolution

12. What is February 1917 Revolution?

 When the resistance of the workers and farmers became more intense, the Tsar Nicholas II ran away from the country. This is called as February 1917 Revolution

13. Who was the first to implement Karl Marx‟s scientific communism in practice?

 Lenin was the first to implement Karl Marx‟s scientific communism in practice

14. Who became the President after the death of Lenin?

 Joseph Stalin became the President after the death of Lenin

15. Who implemented The Five Year Plans in Russia?

 Joseph Stalin implemented The Five Year Plans in Russia.

17. Who launched the first satellite in the history of human civilization?

 USSR launched the first satellite in the history of human civilization.

18. From which country the Independent India‟s Five Plan is borrowed?

 The Independent India‟s Five Plan is borrowed from USSR

19. Who implemented „Glasnost‟ and „Perestroika‟ ?

 Gorbachev implemented „Glasnost‟ and „Perestroika‟

20. Why did the Communism collapse in Russia?

 Due to „Glasnost‟ and „Perestroika‟ the Communism collapse in Russia.

21. Who is known as Fuhrer?

 Hiltler is known as Fuhrer.

22.Who started Nazi party?

 Hitler started Nazi party

23.According to Hitler who are the reason for the problems of Germany?

 Jews, Communists, Socialists and Catholics are also the reason for the problems of Germany

24. Who are „Gobbels‟?

 A minister named „Gobbels‟ was appointed to spread the theory of Nazism

25. Mention the cruel army of Hilter.

 „Brown Shirts‟

26. What is Holocaust?

 The mass killing is called as Holocaust.

27.Who started The Fascist party ?

 Mussolini started The Fascist party .

28. Why did the rich countries experience Great economic Depression?

 Since the rich countries had spend their money on war, they experienced „Great Economic Depression‟

29. Mention the nations of Axis group.

 Germany, Italy and Japan

30.Mention the nations of Allies group.

 England, France, Russia

31.Which Organisation came into existence after the second world war?

 United Nations Organization came into existence.

33. Who was the leader of Kuomintang party in China?

 Sun-Yat-Sen was the leader of Kuomintang party in China.

34. Who started Long March?  Mao Tse-Tung, started a „Long March

35. Which is one of its kind military march in the human history?

 Long march is one of its kind military march in the human history

36. What is cold war?

 The mistrust, competition and fear that emerged between the two blocks of the world after the end of Second World War is called as the „Cold War‟.

37. Between whom the cold war started?

 The Cold was started between USA and the USSR

38. What is the fullform of NATO ?

 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

39. What is the fullform of SEATO

 South East Asian Treaty Organisation

40.What is the fullform of CENTO

 Central East North Treaty Organisation

41. What made the USA to enter the war in favour of allied forces during the Second World War?

 Japan attacked Pearl harbour, the military base of USA

III. Anser the following questions:

1. Explain the role of Lenin in Russian Revolution.

 Lenin guided the farmers and workers on the path of revolution.

 By this time, Lenin was declared as a traitor  Lenin returned to Russia and called for „Peace, Food and Land‟.

 This was supported by the workers and farmers across Russia

 Lenin joined the revolutionary party and declared Russia as a Socialist Republic Union

 Lenin became the President of the government

2. Discuss the immediate causes for the First World War.

 The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the Prince of Austria was the immediate cause of war.

3.How did Nazism destroy Germany? Explain.

 The Nazism advocated that Germans are the superior race of the world and they are the only fit to rule the world.

 Jews are the reasons for all the problems of Germans

 Hilter declared they are unfit to live. All these were implemented inhumanly.

 A minister named „Gobbels‟ was appointed to spread the theory of Nazism.

 A cruel army named „Brown Shirts‟ was formed for this purpose.

 They were trained to create violence so that the people became confused and accept their ideology

4. What were the reasons for the Second World War?

 German‟s occupation of Poland

 „Great Economic Depression‟

 This resulted in great hardships in Europe and USA.

 The life standard of people dropped drastically; the growth of industries and agriculture stagnated; the problem of unemployment became more.

 The nationalism grew more in Germany and other European countries due to loss of finance suffered in First World War, difficult agreements enforced on countries like Germany and subsequent loss suffered by them.

 The big industrialists funded more money to nourish ultra nationalism in Germany and other countries of the Europe.

 By utilising this money, hate and egoistic movements started emerging in these countries.

 Hitler emerged as the dictator in Germany and Mussolini emerged as the dictator in Itlay.

5.What were the effects of Chinese revolution?

 After the revolution, community farming was introduced in China.

 All were provided with free health, education and other facilities.

 Importance was given to Science and Technology in order to achieve growth in industrailisation.

 „Leap Forward‟ programme was planned and implemented.

 The Private property was converted into Public Porperty.

 While implementing these policies through „The Cultural Revolution‟ many mistakes were committed.

6. How did USA come out of its Great Economic Depression?

 The Great Economic Depression that affected USA brought in many changes in the politics of, USA.

 USA had helped the Triple Entente with money and soldiers.

 In 1929, USA experienced stagnation in economic development.

 As a result, output dropped in automobile and agriculture.

 There was also drop in the output of consumer durables manufacturing, mining, ship building, and many other industries.

 This economic crisis led to changes in the politics.

7. Explain the effects of First world war.

 The empires of Austro-Hungary and Ottoman empires lost their existence.

 Germany lost most of its geographic area. A wave of change swept across the Europe.

 The physical map of the Europe underwent change.

 Many new and small countries emerged in Europe.

 In order to prevent future occurrences of war, „League of Nations‟ came into existence

8. The rule of Tsars was called a Nationalistic Jail.why?

 They were exploiting the landlords.

 The landlords in turn were exploiting labourers and small farmers.

 The people were fed up with the administration of Tsars.

9. Explain the reforms of Lenin.

 He declared that land belonged to the farmers.

 He implemented political and economical policies that ensured free health, schooling and residence to all Russians.

 Lenin was the first to implement Karl Marx‟s scientific communism in practice.

 This was a historic moment in the human history

10. Explain the reforms of Joseph Stalin.

 Joseph Stalin became the President after the death of Lenin and built USSR as a formidable opponent to USA.

 The Five Year Plans implemented by him changed the course of the USSR growth.

 USSR launched the first satellite in the history of human civilization.

 Yuri Gagarin became the first Astronaut of the world.

11. What are the features of Fascism?

 Ultra Nationalism

 idea of destroying the other national forces

 patronising violence

 racial superiority

 expansion of national boundaries

 support of human executions.

12. Explain the effects of Second world war.

 The Second World War caused utmost misery and death in the human history.

 It also changed the social, political and economic changes in the world.

 In the place of League of Nations, United Nations Organization came into existence.

 England, China, USA, USSR and France became the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

 USSR and USA became powerful rival countries. This led to the Cold War.

 The Colonies of Asia and Africa were able to achieve their independence.

 England, France and other European countries lost their most of the colonies.

Milan Tomic

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