16. MANEGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Questions:
1. How does increasing demand for energy adversely affect our environment?
Ans. To meet the increased demand for energy, more and more natural resources are exploited. Pollutants are emitted during exploitation and use of natural resources which affect our environment.
2. “We need to manage our resources”. List two reasons to justify this statement.
Ans. We need to manage natural resources because of the reasons listed below:
(i) A majority of natural resources is limited.
(ii) Human population is increasing at a tremendous rate. -
(iii) Utilization of natural resources is increasing at an exponential rate.
(iv) Need to conserve resources for future generations.
3. How is solar energy useful to the living world?
Ans. Plants carry out photosynthesis, which converts the energy of the sun into a form which can be used by the rest of the living world.
4. Give one example each from your daily life where the domestic waste can be effectively reused and recycled. .
Ans. Reuse: We can reuse the empty bottles of jam, etc. for the storage purposes. Recycle: We can recycle old newspapers, aluminium cans etc.
5. State an instance where human intervention saved the forests from destruction.
Ans. Human intervention saved the Arabari forest range of West Bengal from destruction with active and willing participation of local community, The Sal forest of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery.
6. Water is a valuable resource. List two ways, that you would suggest every family member to save this resource.
Ans. (i) Turning-off the taps when not in use. (ii) Checking the leaking water pipelines and getting them repaired.
7. What is Coli form?
Ans. It is a group of bacteria found in human intestine whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease causing micro-organisms.
8. List any two measures that you suggest for better management of water resources.
Ans. (i) Roof top rain water harvesting. (ii) Watershed management.
9. Mention one reason of discontentment among the people who have been displaced by building dams.
Ans. It displaces large number of local people without adequate compensation and rehabilitation.
10. What is meant by “Sustainable management” Why is reuse considered better than recycling?
Ans. “Sustainable development is the development which can be maintained for a longtime without undue damage to the environment. Ways to achieve sustainable development are to plant more trees. Recycling needs additional energy to make a usable item. Reuse does not require additional energy and hence, is better than recycle.
11. What is meant by three types of ‘R’ (3-R’s) to save the environment? Explain with example how would you follow the 3-R’s in your school to save the environment.
Ans. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (for all the three) I (only ‘/2 mark if two are mentioned) Examples: (i) Switch off the fans and bulbs when not in use, (ii) Reuse of paper, polythene bags, etc., (iii) Reduce the wastage of water / paper or any other item
12. Why do we need alternative sources of energy? Give two reasons.
Ans. (i) Fossil fuels are conventional sources of energy that will not last longer. (ii) To reduce air pollution.
13. Why do we need alternative sources of energy? Give two reasons.
Ans. (i) Fossil fuels are conventional sources of energy that will not last longer. (ii) To reduce air pollution.
14. Which natural resource are the ‘biodiversity hot spots’ ? Suggest what happens when there is a loss of biodiversity?
Ans. Forest are the natural resources known as biodiversity hot spots. ‘When there is a loss of biodiversity there is a loss of ecological stability.
15. Why are forests considered “biodiversity hot spots”? List two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife?
Ans. Biodiversity is measured by the number of different life forms found in an area. In a forest, various species are available which include bacteria, fungi, ferns, plants, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles and mammals. Forests are therefore, called biodiversity hot spots. An individual can contribute in management of forest and wildlife by
(i) Avoiding cutting of forest and killing of wildlife. (ii) Educating people about the importance of forest and wild life in our life.
16. State the main purpose of water harvesting system and also mention the source which fills the pond behind harvesting structures.
Ans: The main purpose of water harvesting system is to help in recharge of ground water. Rain is the source which fills the pond behind harvesting structures.
17. List and explain any two advantages associated with water harvesting at community level.
Ans. Water harvesting at the community level is capturing, collection and storage of rain water and surface run off for filing either small water bodies or recharging ground water. This is carried out through water shed management, check dams, earthen dams, roof top harvesting and filter wells in flood drains. Benefits:
(i) It ensures water availability in non-rainy season.
(ii) Water becomes available for drinking as well as irrigation.
18. What is water harvesting? How can this technique help in the conservation of water?
Ans: (i) Water harvesting is a technique of capturing rain water when it falls and taking measures to keep the water clean.
(ii) Water is stored underground that remains unpolluted, it recharges wells and provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area.
19. Why do we seek construction of dams 7 Mention any two problems faced with the construction of large dams? OR The construction of large dams leads to social and environment problems. List two problems of each category.
Ans. Social problems:
(i) Many people are rendered homeless.
(ii) Displacement of large number of tribals without due compensation.
(iii) Migration into the cities for settlements.
Environmental problems:
(i) Deforestation / loss of biodiversity
(ii) Soil erosion / ecological imbalance
20. “Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming”. Give reasons to justify this statement.
Ans. Burning of fossil fuels produces green house gases (CO. CO 2, water vapour, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur). High concentration of CO2 causes global warming.
21. Why must we conserve our forests? List any three causes for deforestation to take place.
Ans. We must conserve our forest because:
(i) They are source of raw materials for our industries.
(ii) They provide us with wood to make furniture and buildings.
(iii) They are source of medicine.
(iv) They provide firewood and food. Causes of deforestation are:
(i) Overgrazing (ii) Building roads and dams (iii) Natural calamities like forest fire.
22. Suggest three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development to survive.
Ans. The three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development to survive are:
(i) Forest resources should be used in an environmentally and developmentally sound manner.
(ii) Instead of using non-renewable natural resources, use of renewable natural resources should be preferred.
(iii) Waste water generated by industries should be recycled.
23. (i) Why is reusing even better than recycling ? List any two reasons.
(ii) Give any three examples of human activities leading to destruction of forests.
Ans. (i) Reusing is even better than recycling because the process of recycling uses some energy. In the ‘reuse’ strategy, you simply use things again and again, without using any energy for generating something new.
24. (i) Name any two fossil fuels. Why are they so- called? (ii) Mention the role of forests in conserving the environment. How do the forest get depleted?
Ans: (i) Coal and Petroleum. Formed from the degradation of biomass millions of years ago.
(ii) (a) Preservation of biodiversity (b) Provide forest products Reasons for depletion: (a) Indiscriminate falling of trees. (b) Destroying biodiversity to produce one particular kind of trees.
25. What are the advantages of watershed management?
Ans. The advantages are: (i) Watershed management only increases the production and income of the watershed community.
(ii) It also mitigates droughts and floods.
(iii) It increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.
26. (i) What are fossil fuels? Give two examples. (ii) Diagrammatically represent the Khadin System of Water harvesting.
Ans. (i) Fuels formed from the decomposition of ancient animal and plant remains millions of years ago and which provide energy by combustion are called fossil fuels. For example: Coal and petroleum.
(ii)
27. Eco – club of your school is organizing a debate on the topic ‘Nature’s Fury Unleashed by Human’s Greed (Uttarakhand Disaster). List any four arguments that you will use to convince the audience that humans are responsible for this disaster.
Ans: Mining, unnecessary use of resources, cutting of trees, building concrete jungle. 1
28. Building of big dams gives rise to some problems. List three main problems that may arise. Suggest a solution to any one of these problems.
Ans: (i) Social problems
(ii) Economic problems
(iii) Environmental problems. Solution:
(i) Adequate rehabilitation.
(ii) Compensation to the displaced persons.
(iii) Afforestation.
29. Find out the traditional system of water harvesting /management in your region.
Ans. Khadins, ponds, tals, wells etc are water reservoirs where rain water is stored.
30. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?
Ans. In our locality, water is supplied by municipal board through taps. This water is mainly obtained from river or from tube wells. Some village people get their water supply from wells.
Textbook Exercises:
1. What changes would you suggest in your home in environment-friendly?
Ans: (i) Use three R’s in your lifestyle
(ii) Save electricity by turning off lights when not in use.
(iii) Plant more and more trees.
(iv) Use cloth bags in place of polythene and plastic bags.
2. Can you suggest some changes ii your school that would make it environment-friendly?
Ans: (i) Maintaining eco clubs.
(ii) Conducting inter house debates and painting competition emphasizing the role of students in preserving and conserving environment.
(iii) Planting trees in the campus.
3. We saw in this chapter there are four main stakeholders when it come to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?
Ans: The local people should be given the authority to decide management of forest produce because they had been living in forest for centuries. Secondly, they had developed practices to ensure that the resources were used in sustainable manner.
4. How can you, as an individual, contribute or make a difference to the management of
(a) forest and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum?
Ans: (a) Forests and wildlife: Spread awareness about the need to conserve forests and wildlife and take part in community activities with focus on conserving forests and wildlife.
(b) Water resources: Save water and install a system of rain water harvesting in your house.
(c) Coal and petroleum: Save electricity and use less of it, install electrical gadgets that use less power.
5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Ans: As an individual, I will try my best to use or consume only minimum and the required amount of food, clothes and water.
6. List five things you have done over the last one week to (a) conserve our natural resources. (b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Ans: (a) (i) I have not wasted food.
(ii) I have not wasted water.
(iii) I have not wasted electricity
(iv) I have not used petroleum product.
(v) I have not purchased any toys.
(b) (i) I purchased a new shirt.
(ii) I used more paper than required for printing.
(iii) I visited my friend house on bike
(iv) I did not close that tap while brushing my teeth.
(v) I did not switch off my room lights last night.
7. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter what changes would you incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?
Ans: (i) I will be utilizing these resources to minimum of my requirement.
(ii) I will try to stop their overuse or misuse where and whenever possible.
(iii) I will try to recycle and reuse the things where and whenever possible.
(iv) I will try to walk or use cycle only to go school or any nearby place.
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