UNIT – 2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
1. The true development of India is the development of its villages‟. This was told by _________ . (Mahatma Gandhiji)
2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, _________ levels of panchayat institutions have come into existence. (a threetier)
3. Panchayat institutions operate under __________ principles. (Decentralization)
4. The ______________have been brought into existence in order to bring together poor rural women and make them financially independent. (Women Self-Help Groups)
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:
1.What is the Village population ratio as per 2011 census report?
68.84%
2. “Development of its villages is the true development of India”.Who said this?
Mahatma Gandhiji said that development of its villages is the true development of India
3. The rural industries further disintegrated .why?
The rural industries further disintegrated due to the competition from modern industries.
4. The rural people continued to migrate to cities.Why?
The rural people continued to migrate to cities because agriculture being non-remunerative and employment not being regular.
5. What is the Meaning of Rural Development?
Rural development means a process of economic and social upliftment of rural areas.
6. What is the prime reason for rural backwardness? Stagnation and slow growth of agriculture is the prime reason for rural Backwardness.
7. What is Decentralization?
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called decentralization.
8. What was called as „Grama Swarajya‟ by Mahatma Gandhi?
Decentralization is also a process that aims at planning and development from below. This process of Decentralization was called as „Grama Swarajya‟ by Mahatma Gandhi.
9. Why The Panchayat Raj system has been rejuvenated in India ?
The Panchayat Raj system has been rejuvenated in India in order to promote decentralization.
10. When was The Panchayat Raj system established?
The Panchayat Raj system was established in 1993.
11. By which Constitutional Amendment The Panchayat Raj system was established?
By the 73rd Constitutional Amendment The Panchayat Raj system was established.
12. How many Zilla Panchayats, Taluk Panchayats, and Gram Panchayats are there in Karnataka?
In Karnataka there are 30 Zilla Panchayats, 176 Taluk Panchayats, and 6,022 Gram Panchayats.
13. Mention three important Housing programmes.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme
Ashraya Yojana
14. Why Women Self-Help Groups‟ have been created in all villages?
Women Self-Help Groups have been created in all villages to organize poor rural women and making them financially independent.
15. Name the three levels of panchayat raj institutions.
district, taluk and village panchayats
III. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences each:
1. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?
Poverty has increased among the rural people who depend mainly on agriculture.
Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector, the contribution from this sector to the national income is very less.
The gap between urban and rural areas is widening.
2. Explain briefly the significance of rural development.
Since rural development includes agricultural and nonagricultural development it contributes not only to rural but also to the overall development of the country.
Increased farm incomes will create greater demand for industrial products and services, thereby generating additional employment and leading to an expansion of those sectors also.
With increased literacy and skill levels higher productivity could be achieved.
Better health also results in higher work participation by the people and increased output.
Agro-processing, small scale and cottage industries will develop leading to gradual transformation of the villages. With this, migration to cities will be reduced.
All these contribute toward reduction of poverty.
3. Explain Gandhiji‟s concept of „grama swarajya‟ in the light of decentralization.
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called decentralization.
It is a process through which power sharing occurs and people participate in decision making.
It is also a process that aims at planning and development from below. This process was called as „Grama Swarajya‟ by Mahatma Gandhi.
Decentralization reduces various kinds of exploitation, upholds human independence and dignity
4. What is the role of panchayat raj institutions in rural development?
Panchayat raj institutions play key role in enabling the rural people to participate in rural development.
They are responsible for implementing various schemes related to poverty alleviation and livelihood security, besides providing public amenities.
They provide the rural community with basic facilities of roads, drains, drinking water, street lights, toilets, school and hospital buildings, market-yards etc.
Through encouragement of primary and middle school education, adult education, technical and vocational training, and expansion of health and hygiene facilities, panchayats have also attempted to develop human resources.
The generation of employment and alleviation of poverty can be implemented effectively through panchayat institutions.
The public distribution system in villages is strengthened and poor people are provided with the essential food grains.
5. Mention the list of activities that are essential for rural development.
Development of human resources
Land reforms
Development of the productive resources of each locality
Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit
marketing,
transport facilities
Specific programmes of alleviation of poverty
6. Mention the Key features of the Panchayat Raj system adopted in India.
a three-tier structure of district, taluk and village panchayats with the Gram Sabha as foundation direct and periodic elections
reservation of seats for scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs), backward classes and women
provision of major financial and administrative responsibilities, budget and audit requirements
provision for executive/support staff
a strict procedure for dissolution/ suppression of panchayats and mandatory elections within six months of dissolution
7. Explain the role of Women Self-Help Groups in rural development?
Women Self-Help Groups have been created in all villages in the rural sector.
These have been playing a significant role in organizing poor rural women and making them financially independent.
Members of these groups can avail of loans easily and engage in productive activities.
These associations have been successful in mobilizing savings and in repayment of loans.
Through the self-help groups, alert women are able to get rid of social evils like child marriage, dowry, caste system, superstitions, exploitation of women and children.
They are able to contribute towards building a clean and progressive society.
8. The gap between urban and rural areas is widening.Why?
Poverty has increased among the rural people who depend mainly on agriculture.
Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector, the contribution from this sector to the national income is very less, and is declining over the years.
Due to this, the gap between urban and rural areas is widening.
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